Efflorescence

The presence of water-soluble salts and moisture in building materials causes efflorescence. Efflorescence itself doesn’t cause structural damage, but it proves that moisture is entering the materials, which can contribute to degradation over time. It is important to address the underlying moisture source and take appropriate measures to prevent further water intrusion and protect the integrity of the building materials. Here are the key factors that contribute to the occurrence of efflorescence:

• Water infiltration: Water from various sources, such as rain, groundwater, or leaks, can penetrate building materials. As the water moves through the materials, it dissolves the salts present in them.
• Soluble salts: Building materials, including concrete, brick, stone, or mortar, may naturally contain soluble salts. These salts can come from the materials themselves, as well as from the surrounding soil or water.
• Capillary action: Capillary action is the movement of water through porous materials. When moisture enters the building materials, it carries dissolved salts with it as it moves toward the surface through capillary action.
• Evaporation: As the water reaches the surface, it evaporates, leaving behind the dissolved salts. The salts crystallize and form the visible white or grayish-white powdery deposits of efflorescence.

Several factors can contribute to the intensity and frequency of efflorescence:

• Climate and weather conditions
• Poor drainage
• Construction materials and techniques
• Curing process